Liberal Democracy Essay -- Government Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Liberal Democracy Liberal democracy, with a capitalist economy, is the only form of social organization that will work in this world. Socialism and Communism appear to be sound in theory, but would never come close to achieving what capitalism does. Liberal democracy and capitalism allow for a beneficial competition where communism does not. This competition, in the liberal tradition, on both political and economical levels, allows for the best balance of security and freedom to the people under the government. However, this liberal tradition does not take care of every problem, but it does a better job than any alternative. Competition is a necessity in this world. A more competitive market allows for a more functional government. This market generates the most wealth, making the government’s job much easier. When the government is working better, it takes care of the people better. People are most happy when they feel secure in their living environment and when they feel their liber ties are protected. Liberal democracy; thereby, creates a successful foundation for liberty and security. A balance between liberty and security in a country can be achieved with political and economic competition in the liberal tradition. When the market is at its peak of competition, the government is at its best performance. A government will work well if it has sufficient funds. The more money a government has the more tasks it can accomplish. It can build parks and restore highways, and many other things that make everyday life more enjoyable. The government depends on the economy for support. The more competitive the market is, the more wealth it acquires. The government will run better with a competitive market. This... ... organization that will do better than a liberal democracy; all of these failed. They all failed because they don’t work, and won’t work. The system of political and economic competition is not perfect, but it the best solution compared to any other alternative. This system works better than all the others because there is no coercion. The free market thrives on voluntary choices made by the population. Competitive elections are the only way to go. There is no other method that allows the masses of people to voice their opinion; every person’s vote counts. This way the people put in office who they want, instead of putting up with someone that the government appointed. In history lies the real proof that a liberal democracy works. There is no denying the liberal democracy with a capitalist economy allows for a balance between liberty and security.

Fashion during the Elizabethan Era

Keeping Up With the Fashion Field â€Å"Clothing and fashion during the Elizabethan Era was complex, complicated, and too dramatic† (Bloom). The Elizabethan Era, was a time period from 1558-1603 when Queen Elizabeth I reigned, and was a period when people expressed who they were through creativity and originality (Black and Garland 16). Some may say that the Era was important, as it was the Golden Age in English history. Fashion during the Elizabethan Era was very extravagant and â€Å"over the top†. Fashion and style were competitive, varied by gender, and also depended on one's social class.Keep up† is a phrase to describe the attitudes toward fashion during the Elizabethan Era. There was always pressure to be up to date. People's attempts to stay in fashion cost them a lot of money (Lace). Land owners felt obligated to entertain the rulers such as the king and queen when they traveled, so they would arrange big parties, and they and their families wore the most expensive clothes. Even the royal court wanted to show off and out-dress everyone. When the royal court traveled, they often made the nobles go broke trying to keep up with their standard of display (Lace).All types of people from land owners to the royal court felt the pressure to keep up. Fashion and style were different for men and women who were not rich. It varied by gender. Women and men both had fashion rules to follow. Men had to wear cheap materials which included sheepskin and wool (Elizabethan Era). They had to wear dull colors such as brown, dull blue and beige. Men wore low, flat hats. They also wore cheap breeches made out of rough materials. Women wore material from sheepskin and wool like men. They also had to wear dull colors. Women wore aprons and bodices. The bodice fronts were often laced up.They did not wear Jewelry or any other accessory. Men and women of working class both had restrictions on clothes, however, the clothes varied by gender. No matter how rich a man or woman was, no one could wear what they pleased. Clothing during the Elizabethan Era was controlled by sumptuous laws. These laws were put in place to keep the class structure strict (Renaissance Clothing for Kids). Clothes defined who a person was and what class they belonged to. Upper classes wore bright colors. Their clothes were made from expensive materials such as velvet, satin, silk, taffeta and lace.They also wore costly Jewelry such as pearls. The upper class women would wear clothes that included several different layers of material, while others women wore thin materials. Typical people such as the working class wore simple clothes as described above. During the Elizabethan Era clothing was associated with rank. There were a variety of colors and choices one could pick from if they were in a high class or had a high rank (Sixteenth- Century Clothing). No one could wear whatever they chose because people's clothing was controlled by laws.In conclusion, the Elizabet han Era as a time period when Queen Elizabeth I reigned, between 1558 and 1603. During the Era, many fields such as poetry and literature grew and flourished. An area that flowered included style and fashion. Some may say that the era was a time when people had the opportunity to express themselves. Others feel that fashion and style during this time was restricted. In today's world, fashion is not as restricted as it was during the Elizabethan Era and both men and women are free to wear whatever they want. Works Cited Black, Anderson J. , and Mange, Garland.

A fast-growing area of crime - cybercrime - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1769 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Cyber Crime Essay Did you like this example? Cyber-crime is a fast-growing area of crime, with more criminals exploiting the convenience, speed and anonymity of the Internet in committing different criminal activities without either physical or virtual boarders, and causing harm and significant threats to small businesses, corporations and government agencies. In recent times, our society is increasingly relying on the internet and other information technology tools to engage in personal communication and conduct business activities among other several benefits. While these developments allow for enormous gain in productivity, Crime has remained elusive and ever strives to disguise in the face of development and it is certain that a nation with high crime incidence cannot grow or develop because crime is the direct opposite of development, which leaves a negative social and economic consequence. In the past, cyber-crimes were mostly committed by individuals or small groups. Today, highly complex cybercriminal networks bring together individuals from across the globe in real time to commit crimes in an unprecedented scale. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A fast-growing area of crime cybercrime" essay for you Create order Cybercrimes are growing and evolving crime that is taking place all over the world, it is described as new ways of committing familiar crimes of different kinds involving; economic crime, intellectual property infringement, identity theft and privacy violation. The common feature in cyber-crime is the use of information technology in its commission. This research analyses the effect of cyber-crime incidents in Nigeria. Keywords/Phrases: Cyber- crime, Anonymity, Criminal activities, Identity theft, Privacy violation, Information technology. INTRODUCTION Information technology can be referred to as the study, design, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems. The internet technology has changed the way people think about the world. It has enhanced communication, thereby promoting global businesses. With the advancement of technology, there has also been an increased growth in computer-based crimes resulting from the action of fraudsters. Cybercrime is a new trend that is gradually growing as the internet continues to penetrate every sector of our society and no one can predict its future. Cyber-crimes are cyber enabled crimes which could be financial crimes, stolen identity, privacy violation and advanced high- tech crimes which are usually sophisticated attacks against computer software and hardware. Cyber related crime is on the increase as the internet has become vital to commerce, governance and entertainment. With the adoption of internet in the Nigeria, occurrences and effects of cybercrime were felt and continue to be felt on a large scale. The infrastructure used by cyber criminals are computers, communications and network technologies. PROBLEM STATEMENT The purpose of this research is to examines the negative effects of the technological advancements, focusing on the effect Cyber-Crime Incidents on Information Technology and Business in Nigeria. Cybercrime manifest in various ways such as loss of life, loss of dignity and loss of employment. The impact of cybercrime is not only limited to the victim; but also affect the society. The consequences of cybercrime on the economy to include loss of revenue, wasted time, damaged the reputation and reduced productivity among others. This research would also examine cyber related incidents with the intent of mitigating the risk associated with cyber related activities for individuals, businesses and government. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Cybercrime has been an eluding factor in the cyberspace transactions in Nigeria, where cybercrimes and computer related crimes are rampant. The integration of computer technology as a global issue, the economy of most nations in the world is accessible using Information communication and technology and at stake. Cyber-crime incidents are on the increase globally as hackers continually refine their skills while consumers remain complacent, there is therefore a need to educate users of the cyber space of the inherent dangers and how they can protect themselves REVIEW OF LITERATURE The concept of cybercrime is historical. It was revealed that the first published report of cybercrime occurred on the mainframe computer in the 1960s. Cybercrime was defined as a type of crime committed by criminals who make use of a computer as a tool and the internet as a connection in order to reach a variety of objectives such as illegal downloading of music files and films, piracy, spam mailing and the likes. Cybercrime evolves from the wrong application or abuse of internet services (Maitanmi, 2013). According to (Lakshmi, 2015) as at 2003, the United States and South-Korea have the highest cyber-attacks of 35.4% and 12.8% respectively. With the population of Nigeria placed at 160 million from the last census carried out in 2006, a recent statistic revealed that about 28.9% have access to the internet (Hassan, 2012). It is proven that 39.6% African users of internet are actually Nigerian, hence, the high increase in the rate of internet crime in Nigeria (Hassan, 2012). Presently, cybercrimes are performed by people of all ages ranging from young to old, but in most instances the young. Presently, cybercrimes are performed by people of all ages ranging from young to old, but in most instances the young. Cyber- crime according to Saini et al (2012) is said to be an act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it and for which punishment is imposed upon the conviction of the crime. Cyber- crime is also criminal activity directly related to the use of computers, specifically illegal trespass into computer system or database of someone else, manipulation or and theft of stored and on-line data and the sabotage of data, computer and network equipment (Saini, et al., 2012). According to Saini, et al., (2012), cyber sciences ensures a collection of computing-based disciplines that involves technology, people, and processes aligned in a way that enables assured operations in the presence of risks and adversaries. It involves creating, operating, analyzing, and testing of secured computer systems and the study of how to employ operations, reasonable risk taking, and risk mitigations. The internet has helped to improve the performance factor, the term Internet is defined as the collection of computers that provides a network of electronic connections between different computers. There are lots of computers connected to the internet. With the benefits of the use of Internet comes with cyber-crime which is associated with the use of the internet (Saini, Rao, Panda, 2012). CAUSES OF CYBERCRIMES IN NIGERIA According to Hassan, 2012. The following are some of the causes of cybercrime in Nigeria. High unemployment rate is one of the major causes of Cybercrime in Nigeria. Statistics has shown that over 20 million graduates in the country do not have gainful employment. This has automatically increased the rate at which they take part in criminal activities for their survival. b. Quest for Wealth is another cause of cybercrime in Nigeria. Youths of nowadays are very greedy, they are not ready to start small hence they strive to level up with their rich counterparts by engaging in cybercrimes. c. harsh economic conditions, and poor educational system. d. Lack of strong Cyber Crime Laws also encourages the perpetrators to commit more crime knowing that they can always go scot free. e. Incompetent security on personal computers. Some personal computers do not have proper or competent security controls, it is prone to criminal activities hence the information on it can be stolen. Therefore, go vernment must ensure that cybercrime laws are formulated and strictly adhered to such laws so that criminals will not go unpunished and individuals should observe simple rules of safeguarding the computer system by installing antivirus protection and update it often. CYBERCRIMES IN THE BANKING SECTOR: In Nigeria, the banking sector depend mainly on the internet for business survival. Presently, banks all over the world are taking advantage and incorporating opportunities brought about by e-banking which is believed to have started in the early 1980s (Shandilya, 2011). As this sector build stronger security level, these fraudsters also increase their strength and tactics. Several profitable attacks have been launched and unfortunately, many have succeeded. In general, cybercriminals execute fraudulent activities with the ultimate goal of accessing a users bank account to either steal or/and transfer funds to another bank account without legal authorization. However, there are cases of disgruntled employees causing physical damage to their personal computers, with the aim to get back at their superiors and organization, the intention of cybercriminals is to cause damage to the reputation of the bank by denying service to users and sabotaging data in computer networks of organization s (Parthiban, 2014). Bank Verification Number (BVN) Scams: The BVN is a biometric identification system, which consists of an 11-digit number that acts as a universal ID across all the banks in Nigeria. BVN was implemented in 2015 by the Central Bank of Nigeria. It was introduced to link various accounts to the owner thereby ensuring that fraudulent activities are reduced. For fraudsters, opportunities to extort money and to carry out other fraudulent activities arose from the implementation of the BVN. It was discovered that fake and unauthorized text messages and phone calls were sent to many users demanding for personal information such as BVN numbers and account details. In addition, phishing sites were created to acquire such information for insalubrious activities on the bank account. Phishing: Phishing is simply the theft of an identity. It involves stealing personal information from unsuspecting users and it is also an act of fraud against the authentic, authorized businesses and financial institutions that are victimized (Wada, 2014). Theft of Bank Cards: The theft of bank cards has evolved from the physical theft of the card to simply the theft of the numbers. Today, bank card hackers do not need to be in the same country to steal other peoples identities. Fraudsters make use of hidden cameras to record ATM card pins and numbers in distinct places such as an eatery payment using POS, or at the ATM. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a method known as ATM skimming can be used and it involves placing an electronic device on an ATM that scoops information from a bank cards magnetic strip whenever a customer uses the machine (FBI, 2011). Also, another cybercrime carried out via this means in Nigeria includes internet order fraud. Internet order frauds involves fraudster inputting stolen cards numbers on online commercial sites to order goods. Credit card numbers or ATM numbers can be stolen by hackers when users type the credit card number into the Internet page of the seller for online transacti on. Different applications can be used to retrieve this information such as key loggers at cybercaf? ©s or cloned websites. Cyber-theft / Banking Fraud: Hackers target the vulnerabilities in the security of various bank systems and transfer money from innumerable accounts to theirs. Most cybercriminals transfer small amounts like 5 naira which are sometimes ignored without raising questions with assumption that it was either SMS or ATM withdrawal charges. Doing this for over a million accounts enriches most fraudsters.